Focus on things, parts, separate objects
Strategy, Knowledge Management, Change Management,
Communications
Linear �cause and effect� thinking
Change is manufactured and engineered -
unfreezing, change and refreezing
Impartial, rational, objective observation
possible
Control, prediction, harmony, equilibrium
Intelligence lies at the top of the organisation, expert
views predominate
Focus on processes, patterns, information flows and connectivity
between parts, integrated whole
Strategising, Learning, Changing, Communicating
Non-linear, cyclical, spiral processes of change
Change, development and adaptability as natural life flows
Observer always participates in and influences what he/she
studies
Unknown future, emergence, creative
tension between order and chaos, importance of diversity for
innovation, dynamic equilibrium
View from the top is partial, distributed collective
intelligence, whole can�t be known from any one place